Method of constructing secondary or storage batteries.



G., L. M J. A. FULLER.

METEOD 0F OONSTRUGTING SECONDARY OR STORAGE BATTERIES. APPLICATION FILED NOV. 15, 19 12.

j ggg ggg Patented Apr. 7, 1914.

iNVENTORL- 41 W 6 4 1 06M M 0 Mag 4;

I ATTORNEYs constitutes a practically true section of either which the following is a specification.

' plate electrode of the Plant or pasted type,

.the showing of the drawings, but may be sic fh'lllidll llle, mltlliilliitli FULLER, .ELNP GEORGE JOHN ANDREW F'tTLI-ER, '0

$59 LONDON, ENGLAND.

ME'IHQ'D BF (S'QNSTRUCTING SECONDARY R. STORAGE BATTERIES.

Patented Apr. 7, 1914.

Application filed November 15, 1912. Serial No. 731384.

To all whom it may concern Be it. known that we, Lnonsno FULLER,1I1(l Gnome Jonn Annnnw FULLER, subjects of the King of Great Britain, residing at Bow, in the county of Lon don, England, have invented a new and uset'ul improved method of constructing secondary or storage batteries in which masses or active material are employed instead of the usual Plant or pasted plates, and of Gnonon FULLER,

T his invention relates to improvements in the method of constructing secondary or storage batteries, so that instead of the usual the electrodes are in the form of blocks which will withstand hard wear and tear.

Heretotore the plate type of accumulator electrodes have failed because of the weakness in construction causing the active material to become dislodged after being subjected to wear and tear and to the distortion oi the lates when subjected to the least overstrain, and, again, plate clectrod-s arr particularly subject to the condition known as sultating, especially when neglected while iii the discharged condition.

it is the object or the present invention to prevent such defects by producing the electrodes in block form, so that each electrode a rectanglular or cylindrical cell, wherefore they can he fitted together to form a practically solid accumulator, the separate elements being held apart by suitable separators.

The invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following detailed dcscriptiointahen in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, with the further understanding that while the drawings show a practical term of the invention, the latter is not confined to any strict conformity with changed and modiiicd so long as such changes and i'nodilications mark no mate rial departure from the salient features of the invention.

In the drawings Figure l is a section of a mold employed in the practice of the invention. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the basic portion of the mold with the core in place. Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a Fig. 11. shows a groupingof complete electrode. Figs. i, 5 and 6 and 7 are more or less diagrammatic plan views showing groups of triangular electrodes to form cells of varying sizes and types. Figs. 8, 9 and 10 are partially sectional views of other forms of molds. Figs. 11 and 12 are more or less diagrammatic plan views showmg groupings of electrodes in which electrodes formed in the molds of Figs. 9 and 10 may be employed.

leferring' to the drawings, the mold may be formed from a mass oi metal or other such material in.which a V-shaped slot is out in the arrangement shown in Figs. 1, 2, 8 and 9. If the cell is to have a high in ternal resistance, the angle may reach ninety degrees. .Tomakc electrodes from such a mold, say, the one shown in F ig. 1, it is only necessary to place a lead core, as shown in Fig. 2, in the angle of the V-shaped groove or slot, the core having projections or angle pieces at each end so that it is in proper spaced relation to the angle of the V, and these projections or angle pieces form heads for the finished elect-rode. Actire material, say, a mixture of lead oxid, is placed in the mold and pressed with a flat top or otherwise, so that the active material is tightly compressed about the core.

Electrodes or blocks in which the'angle is ninety degres may be fitted together to form a square electrode. In Fig. 4 two such I blocks, being triangular in cross section, are fitted together to form a single couple, while in Fig. 5 four such blocks are fitted together to form a cell of two couples, and in Fig. 6 four pairs or couples, such as shown in Fig. l, are grouped together to form a square cell, while in Fig. 7 two groupings, such as shown in Fig. 5, are brought together.

The molds of Figs. 8 and 'Qpermit the forming of sectoral blocks Which with Fig. 10 may be approximately semicylindrical. sectoral blocks such as may be constructed with the mold of F ig. 9, and Fig. 10 shows a grouping of two semi-cylindrical blocks such as would be formed in the mold of Fig. 10. The

tiiiangles and others are in cross sections sectors of circles, all the forms are substantially trianguloidsincross section.

The terminal heads of the central metallic support, and especially the lower head, preventlany of the active material from dropping or becoming detached, while grouping of the parts into the compact form in which they may be held by suitable material of insulating nature revents any parts of the active material om esoaping- In all the forms each electrode is a geometric solid of such conformation that two or more may be assembledi with suitable insulation between them into larger substantially geometric solids. The electrodes, each comprising a section of a geometric solid representing the complete attery, are produced in an elongated mold in which the molding chamber is,of substantially equal cross-sectional area throughout its length and thecross-section is either an actual .or approximate triangle, so that it maybe described as of trianguloid in.cross-section. The mold as shown in. Figs. 1, 2,8, 9 and 10 has the side cor responding to the base of the trianguloid open, while the other sides of the mold ap proach toward an apex portion either as plane sides, as in Figs. 1, 2, 8 and 9, or as curved sides similar. to the arrangement shown in Fig. 10, so that a plane longitudinal of the mold chamber and bisecting the apex of the trianguloid is also a perpendicular bisector of the basic portion of the trianguloid represented by the open side of the mold. A compression member in theform of a follower or other structure and either fiat where presented toward the mold chamber as in Figs. 1 and 10, or having a rounded channel therein, as in Figs. 8 and 9, in which latter case the trianguloid electrocle corresponds. to Figs. 11 and 12, re-

' spectively, causes a compression of active material placed in the mold toward the approaching sides, so that by reaction the active material is directed toward the longitudinal central plane of the mold. If, now, a core such as shown in Fi 2 be lodged in the mold, and this core be provided with end plates or heads forming the end walls of the mold chamber, the active material is compressed not only against the approaching side walls of the mold chamber, but is directed by these up proaching side walls toward the longitudinal central plane of the mold chamber in a manner to become evenly compacted all about the core, although the ressure is applied only at the one open side of the mold chamber andin one direction.

Inthe drawing the mold is generally indieated at l, and in Figs. 1 and 2 there is a mold chamber 2 of true triangular form, while a follower or compression member 3 'tery electrodes each representing Low/3,252

has a plane face 4: presented toward. the mold chamber, wherefore there are produced soiids of true triangular cross section forming electrodes 5, one of which is shown separately in Fig. 3 and assemblages of these electrodes into geometric solids are shown in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, In Figs. 2- and 3 there is shown a core 6 with end walls 7; which may be lodged in the mold chamber with the end walls 7 constituting the ends of the mold chamber preventing escape of the activematerial at these ends when subjectcd to pressure, the end re lls 7 'corresponding to the cross-sections shape of the.;-r completed electrode.

In Fig. 11 the assembled battery is indi; cated as of cylindrical shape, while the electrodes each represent approximately a sec.- tor of the cylinder and are diagrammatis cally indicated at 5 2- In Figs. 8 and 9 the mold 1 has mold chambers 2 and 2", re-

spectively, each in the form of a groove of triangular shape but varying in angle from that shown in Figs. 1 nd 2. The followers 3, however, have groove P and as, carved on axes substantially coincident with tl apexes of the triangular grooves 52 and 2", so that the resultant electrode will be a sector similar to 5, but of greater or lesser circumferential extent in accordance with the groove 2 or 2 and the corresponding follower groove 46 or 4:.

In Fig. 10 the mold 1 has a substantially semi-circularmold chamber, 2 while the follower 3 has a plane molding face 4, as in. Fig. 1. An electrode formed in the mold of Fig. 10 will be nearly semi-cylindrical and such electrodes are illustrated in Figs. 12 at 5 Where two of them are assembled into a cylindrical battery.

In all of the different formsof electrodes hil they are in cross section either truly triangular or approach more or less ofatriangular shape even in cases such as illus trated in Figs. 11 and 12, so that for the purpose of description all. the electrodes may be defined as trianguloid in shape. Even in the mold of Fig. 10 the approach ing Walls tend to direct the matenal bein compressed toward the central longitudina bisecting plane of the mold chamber.

sis

No claim is made herein to the article shown and described, since such article is fully shown described and claimed in our a plication Jo. 788,129, filed September 4,

1 13,1501 improvements in secondary or storage batteries.

lrVhat is claimed is 1. The method of forming secondary hata trianguloid section of a geometric solid, which consists in placing a core in a mold chamber corresponding in'shape to the namedv section and open at the basic portion of the trianguloid, filling the mold with active mamesses g3 terieii, anti causing a compression of the mew tenal tows-rd the longitudinal blsectmg plane of the mold chamber by pressure ap plied to the active material at the open side of the mold chamber.

2. The method of forming secondary bat tery' eiect'rodes each. representing a, trianguloici section of geonrietric solid, and each having acore embedded therein, which com slsts 1n piacmg a core 131 amoid chamber corresponding in shape to the named section with the body of the core in s seed relation to the walls of the mohi c ember, saici chamber being open at the basic portion of the triangulold, filling the mold chamber with active material, and compressing the active material against the approaching welis of the molct chamber by pressure applied to the open side of the mold chamber to cause said. active material to compress about that portion of the core remote from the open side of the mold chamber intimete relation to said core and to the appreaching Walls of the mold chamber.

In Witness whereof, we have signed our names to-this specification, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. 

